Short short answer: Press Fn + F5
Wow, it's been a looong time since I last posted. I'm only posting now so I can search for this next time it happens. So my touchpad stopped working all the sudden, I tried rebooting my laptop but still no dice. Since I work from home, this was a huuuuge problem. I went digging around for a wired mouse I used to have for my old PC. Blasted thing had a serial port connector, my laptop only has USB ports. I dug around some more for a wireless mouse I bought a while ago that I know had a wireless USB dongle. Found it. Even though this was working, I decided to find out what the heck could have happened. I was assuming I needed to reinstall the driver. I found the answer here:
http://www.helpowl.com/q/Dell/LatitudeE6530/Troubleshooting/touchpad-working-dell-latitude-e6530/334847
They have you try several things, but I'll summarize what worked for me.
I went to the Dell support link from the above post. I found the link to Disable/enable the touchpad.
Honestly, I don't hardly use my Fn button and my keyboard doesn't look anything like the pictures on that support page. But I did start hunting around my keyboard and found the icon under the F5 button:
Somehow I must have hit the Fn button while I was refreshing my browser with the F5 button. As a web application developer, I should have known this....but now I know.